Properly Sealing Your Artwork with Varnish
How do I apply varnish correctly to my painting to protect it from fading, yellowing, and dirt? What should I keep in mind when applying varnish? Can varnish alter my artwork in unintended ways? These are common questions we receive, so in our Tips & Tricks video, we demonstrate the correct sealing of an artwork. Using a practical example, we show how to apply both gloss and matte varnish to two acrylic paintings. We use two resin-based products and provide tips on what to consider when applying varnish. We also demonstrate the effect of both matte and gloss varnishes. Enjoy watching! Please leave us a like on YouTube and subscribe to our channel for more tips on all things related to art..
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Types of Varnishes and Their Effects
Varnish is a protective layer applied to paintings. In most cases, varnish serves as the final layer of a painting, protecting the surface from dirt, dust, and the colors from yellowing and fading. The following types of varnishes are commonly used:
- Mastic Varnish: A classic, slightly yellowish, glossy natural resin varnish. It gives a subtle sheen to the artwork and is often used for traditional oil paintings.
- Dammar Varnish: Dammar is a natural resin that provides a high-gloss surface with an enamel-like depth, reminiscent of the finish preferred by the Old Masters.
- Beeswax: A natural preservative that provides a satin-matte finish, adding a soft, subdued sheen to the artwork while offering protection.
- Synthetic Resin Varnish: A modern alternative, offering a durable and transparent finish, often with options for both glossy and matte finishes. Synthetic resins provide long-lasting protection against environmental factors. Each varnish type affects the artwork’s finish and durability, with differences in shine, depth, and overall appearance.
When Can I Apply Varnish?
For oil paintings, varnish should be applied only after the paint layers have completely dried, which usually takes at least 8 to 12 months. For acrylic paintings, if the paint is applied in thick layers, the drying time can take several weeks. However, acrylic paint generally dries within a few days. Drying times can vary significantly depending on factors like storage conditions and the thickness of the paint layer. In any case, the artwork should be completely dry before applying varnish. It’s better to err on the side of caution and wait a bit longer if you’re unsure, rather than risk damaging your painting.
Practical Application of Varnish
Before applying varnish, it’s crucial to determine which varnish is suitable for which type of paint. There are significant differences and a wide range of products available on the market. Always refer to the manufacturer's guidelines, as they usually provide specific recommendations for use. For example, a varnish designed exclusively for oil paints can dissolve acrylic paints and, in the worst case, cause the paint to peel off entirely, damaging the artwork. If you're unsure or lack experience with the product’s properties, it's a good idea to test the varnish on a separate piece of canvas first. Apply a small amount of varnish and wait to see the result before applying it to your artwork.
Product Practical Example:
- Applying the Varnish Suitability Test: If you are unsure or have no prior experience with the product, conduct a test on a separate piece of canvas.
- Check Manufacturer Instructions: Always follow the manufacturer's guidelines for use and suitability. Mixing Ratio: Pay attention to the recommended mixing ratio according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Stretching the Canvas: If needed, re-stretch or re-tighten the canvas.
- Dusting the Surface: Ensure the painting surface is free from dust. Application: Apply the varnish using a soft varnish brush. Use a small amount of varnish at a time—it's better to apply several thin layers than one thick coat. Apply the varnish evenly, first horizontally and then vertically.
- Check the Result: After the first coat has dried, check the result. If needed, apply a second coat.
